Eclipse Model 706 Wave Radar Level Transmitter


The Eclipse Model 706 Transmitter is loop-powered, 24 VDC level transmitter that is based upon the proven and accepted technology of Guided Wave Radar

Encompassing a number of significant engineering accomplishments, the Eclipse Model 706 Transmitter is designed to provide measurement performance well beyond that of many of the more traditional technologies.

Utilizing patented “diode switching” technology, along with the most comprehensive probe offering on the market, this single transmitter can be used in a wide variety of applications ranging from very light hydrocarbons to water-based media.The innovative angled, dual compartment enclosure is now a common sight in the industry. This enclosure, first brought to the industry by Magnetrol® in 1998, is angled to maximize ease of wiring, configuration, and viewing of the versatile graphic LCD display.

One universal Model 706 transmitter can be used and interchanged with all probe types, and offers enhanced reliability as it is certified for use in critical SIL 2 hardware safety loops. With the use of a unique adapter, the model706 transmitter can even operate with older Model 705 probes.The ECLIPSE Model 706 supports both the FDT/DTM and Enhanced DD (EDDL) standards, which allow viewing of valuable configuration and diagnostic information such as the echo curve in tools such as PACTware ™, AMS Device Manager, and various HART® Field Communicators

Technology of Eclipse Model 706 Wave Radar Level Transmitter
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
ECLIPSE Guided Wave Radar is based upon the technology of TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry). TDR utilizes pulses of electromagnetic energy transmitted down a wave guide (probe). When a pulse reaches a surface that has a higher dielectric constant than the air (εr = 1) in which it is traveling, a portion of the pulse is reflected. The transit time of the pulse is then measured via high speed timing circuitry that provides an accurate measure of the liquid (or solids) level. The amplitude of the reflection depends on the dielectric constant of the product. The higher thedielectric constant, the larger is the reflection.


INTERFACE MEASUREMENT
The ECLIPSE Model 706 is capable of measuring both an upper liquid level and an interface liquid level. As only a portion of the pulse is reflected from a low dielectric upper surface, some of the transmitted energy continues down the GWR probe through the upper liquid. The remaining initial pulse is again reflected when it reaches the higher dielectric lower liquid. It is required that the upper liquid has a dielectric constant less than 10, and the lower liquid has a dielectric constant greater than 15. A typical interface application would be oil over water, with the upper layer of oil being non-conductive (εr ≈ 2.0), and the lower layer of water being very conductive (εr ≈ 80). The thickness of the upper layer could be as small as 2″ (50 mm) while the maximum upper layer is limited to the length of the GWR probe.


Features of Eclipse Model 706 Wave Radar Level Transmitter
       - Multivariable, two-wire, 24 VDC loop-powered transmitter for level, interface, volume, or flow.
       - Unique adapter allows operation with Model 705 probes
       - Diode switching technology offers best-in-class signal strength and signal-to noise ratio (SNR) resulting in enhanced capability in difficult low dielectric applications.
       - Level measurement not affected by changing media characteristics.
       - No need to move levels for calibration.
       - Overfill Capable probes allow for “true level” measurement all the way up to the process seal, without the need for special algorithms.
       - 4-button keypad and graphic LCD display allow for convenient viewing of configuration parameters and echo curve.
       - Proactive diagnostics advise not only what is wrong, but also offer troubleshooting tips.
       - Nine common tank shapes for volumetric output.
       - 30-point custom strapping table for uncommonlyshaped tanks.
       - Two standard flumes and four standard weirs of various sizes for flow measurement.
       - Generic flow equation for non-standard channels.
       - 360° rotatable housing can be separated from probe without depressurizing the vessel.
       - Probe designs up to +850 °F/6250 psi (+450 °C/431 bar).
       - Saturated steam applications up to 3000 psi (207 bar),+800 °F (+425 °C) when installed in side-mounted chamber.
       - Cryogenic applications down to -320 °F (-196 °C).
       - Transmitter can be remote-mounted up to 12 feet (3.6 m) away from the probe.
       - SIL certification allows use in SIL 2/3 Loops
       - No moving parts.
       - FOUNDATION fieldbus™, PROFIBUS PA and Modbus digital outputs.
       - Lloyd’s Register steam drum approval

Applications of Eclipse Model 706 Wave Radar Level Transmitter
MEDIA: Liquids, solids, or slurries; hydrocarbons to waterbased media (Dielectric Constant εr = 1.2–100)
VESSELS : Most process or storage vessels up to rated probe temperature and pressure.
CONDITIONS : All level measurement and control applications including process conditions exhibiting visible vapors, foam, surface agitation, bubbling or boiling, high fill/empty rates, low level and varying dielectric media or specific gravity
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Echotel Model 940/941 Ultrasonic Level Switch


Echotel Model 940/941 Ultrasonic Level Switch is compact integral units that utilize pulsed signal technology to perform high or low level measurement in a wide variety of liquid applications. These switches feature a 316 stainless steel tip-sensitive transducer that is offered in a variety of NPT, flanged, and hygienic process connections. The compact electronics are completely encapsulated just above the process fitting.The Magnetrol® Model 940 offers a 1-amp SPDT relay output. The Model 941 has a mA current shift output.

Technology of Echotel Model 940/941 Ultrasonic Level Switch
Ultrasonic energy detects the presence or absence of liquid in a tip sensitive transducer gap. The principle behind contact ultrasonic technology is that high frequency sound waves are easily transmitted across a transducer gap in the presence of liquid, but are attenuated when the gap is dry.The transducer uses a pair of piezoelectric crystals that are encapsulated in epoxy at the tip of the transducer. The crystals are made of a ceramic material that vibrates at a given frequency when subjected to an applied voltage. The transmit crystal converts the applied voltage from the electronics into an ultrasonic signal. When liquid is present in the gap, the receive crystal is able to sense the ultrasonic signal from the transmit crystal and convert it back to an electrical signal. This signal is sent to the electronics to indicate the presence of liquid in the transducer gap. When there is no liquid present, the ultrasonic signal is attenuated and is not detected by the receive crystal.


Features of Echotel Model 940/941 Ultrasonic Level Switch
       - Pulsed electronics for excellent performance in difficult process conditions and superior immunity from sources of electromagnetic noise
       - Tip-sensitive transducer gap provides reliable operation by draining viscous liquids and shedding foam in turbulent applications
       - Safety Integrity Level (SIL) data (FMEDA analysis) is available. Model 940 is suitable for SIL 2 loops.Model 941 is suitable for SIL 1 loops.
       - Extremely compact unit is easily installed in areaswhere access space is limited
       - 1-amp SPDT relay output (940), or mA current shift (941) output
       - No calibration required


Applications of Echotel Model 940/941 Ultrasonic Level Switch
The Model 940/941 can be applied in a wide variety of high or low liquid level applications, pump protection,and fill line monitoring as shown in the diagram at the left. These compact units can also be installed in the interstitial space between two tank walls for fluid leak detection.Small size and simplicity of installation make these units ideal for OEM skids as a low cost, yet high performance level measurement solution. They are also the perfect replacement for older floats, conductivity switches, and tuning forks.
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Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch


C24, C25, Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch are single or multi-switch units that offer versatility and reliable operation in a variety of applications. Available with up to three switch mechanisms for levelalarm, control, and shutdown functions, the boiler and water column controls are designed for use in steam boiler applications while the Models C24 & C25 are forgeneral industrial use.

Technology of Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch
Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch uses a long-lasting magnet. A permanent magnet➀is attached to a pivoted switch actuator and adjustment screw ➁. As the float ➂ rises following the liquid level, it raises the attraction sleeve ➃ into the field of the magnet,which then snaps against the non-magnetic enclosing tube ➄, actuating the switch ≈. The enclosing tube provides a static pressure boundary between the switch mechanism and the process.On a falling level, an inconel spring retracts the magnet, deactivating the switch.


Features of Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch
       - Easy inspection of float chamber through removable head
       - Cast iron or fabricated steel float chambers
       - 316 and 316L stainless steel floats
       - Brass chamber liner standard in B24, B25 and W25 models
       - Right or left hand water column mounting
       - Try cock tappings and sight glass tappings available
       - Process temperatures up to +1000° F (+538° C)
       - Multiple switch capability
       - Working steam pressure to 600 pounds
       - Choice of switch mechanisms: Pneumatic Hermetically sealed Dry contact
       - Choice of switch mechanism enclosures: NEMA 1 carbon steel for pneumatic TYPE 4X/7/9 Class I, Div. 1, Groups C & D, polymer coated aluminum TYPE 4X/7/9 Class I, Div. 1, Group B, polymer coated aluminum
       - Optional high temperature insulation available.  See bulletin 41-106.

Application of Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch
       - OCondensate receiver control
       - OFlash tank high level alarm
       - OWater tube boiler low water cutoff
       - OBoiler steam chest high level alarm
       - OBoiler feedwater pump control
       - ODay tanks
       - OBoiler low water cutoff
       - OHolding tanks
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Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches


Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches offer the industrial user a wide choice of alarm and control configurations. Every unit utilizes a simple buoyancy principle and is well suited for simple or complex applications, such as foaming or surging liquids or agitated fluids, and usually costs less than other types of level switches.

Technology of Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches
Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches are based upon simple buoyancy, whereby a spring is loaded with weighted displacers which are heavier than the liquid. Immersion of the displacers in the liquid results in buoyancy force change, which moves the spring upward. Since the spring moves only when the level moves on a displacer, spring movement  is always a small fractionof the level travel between displacers. A magnetic sleeve is connected to the spring and operates within a non-magnetic barrier tube. Springmovement causes the magnetic sleeve to attract a pivoted magnet ƒ, actuating a switch mechanism ≈ located outside the barrier tube. Built-in limit stops prevent over stroking of the spring, under level surge conditions.

Features of Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches
       - Narrow or wide level ranges achieved through multiple switch mechanism capability.
       - Up to 4 set points and 3 switches.
       - Displacers adjustable at any point along the suspension cable.
       - 10 feet (3 meters) suspension cable standard.
       -  Anti-surge design eliminates the possibility of switch shortcycling.
       - Flanged or threaded mounting available.
       - Easy installation.
       - Field adjustable set point and switch differential.
       - NACE models.
       - Floating rooftop models.
       - Proof-er® ground check.
       - Choice of displacers: Porcelain, 316 Stainless steel, Karbate, Brass.
       - Choice of switch mechanisms: Dry contact,Pneumatic, Hermetically sealed.
       - Available housings: NEMA 1, carbon steel for pneumatics; TYPE 4X/7/9, Class I, Div. 1, Groups C & D, polymer coated aluminum; TYPE 4X/7/9,Class I, Div. 1, Group B, polymer coated aluminum.

Applications of Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches
       - Foaming or surging liquids
       - Agitated fluids
       - Sewage handling
       - Dirty liquids
       - Paints
       - Varnishes
       - Heavy oils
       - Liquids with solids
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Early Production Systems


Accelerate the time to first oil and gas
Begin production early while full field development is being planned and permanent facilities are being built. Early-production systems help operators bring their new discoveries onstream fast. Schlumberger has designed and installed modular, fit-for-purpose systems worldwide for more than 30 years and to date has completed approximately 70 projects.

Early production systems and fast-track schedules can create an early cash flow for operators with only a minimum cash outlay. They also provide real-time production data for appraising reservoir performance before more-expensive long-term facilities are installed. In addition, early production systems are ideal for small reserves that would be financially risky or uneconomical to produce with a permanent production facility.

Production services
An extensive range of production services is available, based on the early production system business model selected:
      - Fast-track early production and interim plants and systems
      - Hydrocarbon liquids recovery and dewpoint control plants
      - Gas storage leaching facilities
      - CO2 and H2S removal
      - Multiphase pumping
      - Optimization of existing production facilities *All necessary support systems (power generation, controls, monitoring and detection, and operation camps)

Flexible business models
Schlumberger offers a variety of commercial business models for early production systems that afford customers the flexibility to maximize their return on investment:
      - Build—Own—Operate (equipment rental plus operation)
      - Build—Own—Operate—Transfer (equipment rental plus operation with the option to purchase)'
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Advanced Regenerative Water Treatment Media


Advanced Regenerative Water Treatment Media instantly and permanently removes oil, suspended solids,and highly emulsified oils from water. Built on this technology, the advanced media is a proprietary back-washable system used in oily wastewater streams and produced and process water.Coated with proprietary technology patented polymer,the regenerative media provides an economically sustainably treatment for the removal of oils and suspended solids.

Overview – Advanced Regenerative Water Treatment Media
- 95% single-pass efficiency without chemicals
Advanced regenerative water treatment media is a proprietary, backwashable media used for produced water, oily wastewater streams, and process water. Coated with a patented polymer, the media economically removes oils and suspended solids down to 5 um with 95% single-pass effectiveness and without the use of chemicals.

This media can function as a primary or secondary treatment option for oil and solids removal. Influent water quality, discharge requirements, and the end use of the treated water dictate the treatment system design.

- Process and cost savings
For chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) applications, polymer- and chemical-laden water that has been treated with regenerative water treatment media can be recycled for reuse in the injection field and, in the case of polymer, with no viscosity loss across the system. Little if any of the the water-soluble enhanced oil recovery (EOR) products are caught while the media removes oils and solids. In thermal EOR, trapping the oil and solids before sending the produced water to a softener generates process and cost savings.

- Special features:
        - Removes oil, solids, and oil-coated solids down to 5 um in a single step, without additional chemicals for water separation
        - Treats CEOR produced water from polymer and alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) floods without absorbing the polymer
        - Has a long life cycle and low operating cost
        - Prevents process upsets and excursions with minimal impact on performance

Application of Advanced Regenerative Water Treatment Media
Simple backwashing process
Advanced regenerative water treatment media is used in conventional deep-bedded media filter vessels and the oil it traps is recovered through typical backwash techniques. The backwash removes contaminants by reversing the flow direction and fluidizing the packed bed, loosening the media and releasing both solids and oil droplets from the media.

When the proprietary regenerative water treatment media is backwashed, the effluent is typically captured in a static separation vessel. Free oil and solids are easily decanted from the surface for disposal or recovery. The remaining supernatant is used to backwash the filters during the next backwash cycle. Backwash is either manual or automatic depending on the system deployed.
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/advanced-regenerative-water-treatment-media/

NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY Electrostatic treater


The patented NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY electrostatic treater uses a proprietary process controller,NATCO LRC-lI smart interface,and three-phase power unit to produce a customized electrostatic field that can be readily optimixed for any crude oil.The technology provides a nearly 100% process improvement compared with conventional electrostatic technology

Overview – NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY Electrostatic treater
- Dehydrate and desalt upstream crude oil processes
The NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY electrostatic treater uses both AC and DC power to provide significant process improvement, often more than 100%, over conventional AC electrostatic technologies. It uses our proprietary load-responsive controller—the NATCO LRC-II smart interface—and a three-phase high-requency power unit to generate a customized electrostatic field that can be optimized for any crude oil.

The treater can be delivered as a heater treater, providing heating and dehydration in a single vessel and eliminating the need for an externally heated heat transfer fluid. It can also be provided as a degassing treater, eliminating the need for a separate degasser.

- Treat cost effectively
The NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY treater reduces capex and opex through its higher treatment capacity, higher tolerance to wet crudes, and increased dehydration performance. Moreover, it allows reduced demulsifier dosage, less washwater usage, and a lower operating temperature.

- Improve performance with real-time control

The LRC-lI interface improves emulsion resolution via voltage modulation, enabling operation at the optimal voltage for multiple crude feedstocks, while managing upsets more rapidly and effectively. Parameter setup in the treater power unit can be updated from the LRC-II interface in real time while the unit is operating.

The HiFlo spreader improves vessel hydraulics and enhances performance to support higher process capacity.

- A two-pronged approach to remove formation water from crude oil
The NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY treater uses the extremely efficient HiFlo spreader to evenly distribute the incoming wet crude and create a uniform vertical flow upward through the treater. This method eliminates grid bypass and local recirculation areas.

The bulk water and larger water drops are coalesced and separated by gravity in the weaker AC field that exists between the grounded water phase and the electrodes. The stronger DC field between the electrodes causes rapid movement of the remaining small water droplets through electrophoretic attraction, causing the water droplets to collide, coalesce, grow, and separate by gravity.


In desalter applications, washwater is added upstream of the mixing valve in the treater’s inlet piping. Together with the electrophoretic movement of the water droplets, this provides a very high degree of mixing with the brine. Superior mixing and improved dehydration make the NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY treater much more effective than conventional AC desalters of similar size.

Use of a high base frequency for the electrostatic field provides stronger electrostatic forces. Low-frequency amplitude modulation of the field improves conditions for water droplet coalescence, further enhancing dehydration and desalting efficiency.

We also retrofit existing AC treaters to improve their capacity and enable lower operating temperatures and emulsifier dosages.

- Boost your electrostatic treater
A high-efficiency power unit upgrades NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY units to improve facility opex by increasing treater reliability and simplifying maintenance.

With the new unit installed,
       - treaters operate at higher temperatures and with wider power variations.
       - new sensors monitor trends in the health of key components, enabling warnings before as well as during an upset condition.
       - unit maintenance can be performed without removing it or draining the oil.
       - an AgoraGateway ruggedized edge computing device enables optional remote, real-time health monitoring and life-of-asset collaboration.

Application of NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY Electrostatic treater
Three primary components are packaged in a single oil-filled enclosure. First is the power electronics, designed to produce a variable amplitude and variable frequency voltage field. For many field installations, this is a key feature of the technology, as it enables an optimization of the applied voltage. Second, the medium-frequency power unit provides for the increased secondary voltage known to promote effective coalescence. Third, the secondary voltage is rectified to produce electrophoretic movements of the water droplets, which improves both dehydration and desalting. A DC field is created between the electrodes, enabling droplet motion and efficient coalescence. Simultaneously, an AC field is created between the electrodes and the grounded water phase, enabling bulk water removal in the weaker AC field.

Traditional AC technologies typically experience rapid voltage decay or arcing when operated in very wet crude oil service. This decay reduces the effectiveness of the dehydration process by reducing the voltage lower than what is required for effective dehydration.

By applying a higher-frequency electrostatic field, the treater reduces this voltage decay and enables effective dehydration, thus overcoming the voltage decay experienced with conventional 50/60-Hz transformers. The specific oil and water properties, operating temperature, and formation solids all combine to create a unique emulsion that often can be very difficult to resolve. To break the emulsion, the patented NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY treater uses a microprocessor-based system that includes the LRC-II smart interface and defines the pattern and amplitude of the voltages that are applied to the electrodes. The proprietary LRC-II smart interface enables selection of the shape and amplitude of the voltage waveform to optimize coalescence of the water droplets, leading to an effective resolution of the emulsion and low water content in the treated crude.
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/natco-dual-frequency-electrostatic-treater/

NATCO ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER


The NATCO ELECTRO-YNAMIC DESALTER electrostatic desalting technology provides multiple phases of electrostatic mixing, coalescing, and settling in a single vessel, delivering nearly 100% salt and dehydration efficiency. The technology provides two-staged desalting efficiency without the excessive capital investments or space requirements common to conventional systems.

Comprising five proven Schlumberger process technologies, the NATCO ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER technology provides the refining industry with one of the first electrostatic desalting innovations in more than a decade.

Overview – NATCO ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER
Increase operating efficiency while reducing operational expenses
        - Under a variety of conditions, the NATCO ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER technology can
        - Retrofit your single-stage system to two-stage performance
        - Increase the levels of salt removal over any other single-vessel process
        - Double the salt removal capacity of two-stage systems
        - Reduce initial capital costs for new installations
        - Allow higher inlet water cuts during upset conditions while maintaining specified effluent requirements
        - Improve effluent water quality
        - Improve operational flexibility by handling a wide range of feedstocks
        - Decrease chemical consumption
        - Improve mixing efficiency
        - Reduce washwater requirements
        - Require less space
        - Provie improved dehydration capabilities.

Application of NATCO ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER
Five steps to successful desalting
        1. NATCO DUAL POLARITY electrostatic treater—applies a high-gradient, sustained DC field between pairs of electrodes while maintaining an AC field between the electrodes and oil/water interface
             - Results: significant improvements compared with AC dehydration
        2. Composite electrodes—obtains a progressive electrical field
             - Results: coalescence of the smallest of water droplets while eliminating sustained arcing due to highly conductive emulsions


        3. LRC-II smart interface—regulates the flow of electrical current and provides self-adjusting electrical power levels for optimized electrostatic coalescence
             - Results: optimal salt removal over a wide range of feed stock materials
        4. Countercurrent dilution water process—increases contact between dilution water, produced water, and particulate
             - Results: improved crude desalting using less washwater
        5. Electrodynamic mixing process—provides multistage contact
             - Results: near-100% mixing efficiencies while enabling reduced demulsifier chemical consumption
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/natco-electro-dynamic-desalter/

METROL SEA-CELL Electrochlorinator


Overview – METROL SEA-CELL Electrochlorinator
- Prevent organism growth in your seawater systems with sodium hypochlorate
Our METROL SEA-ELL electrochlorinator is a machine which helps prevent organism growth in seawater systems. Technically, the electrochlorinator generates sodium hypochlorite by using electricity to control biofilm efficiently. Not only large organisms but also small organisms can be aggregated on the equipment. This would reduce performance and increase lifespan of the system. Therefore, if the seawater is applied in any process, the electrochlorinator should be installed to hinder biofoulant.

The METROL SEA-CELL electrochlorinator offers increased run-times and efficient protection of seawater treatment equipment. Offshore uses range from oil and gas stations and ships to floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) facilities, meanwhile onshore uses include industrial and refinery cooling water.

- Flexible, modular design and controls
The SEA-ELL electrochlorinator is designed for standards and specific customer’s requirements. Specially, the electrochlorinator can be used with automated chlorinator packages complete with detailed instrumentation and control features, which provide online availability and fail-safe operation.
Package ranges are also included from single-cell marine units to sophisticated units and hazardous area. Also, there are large-capacity units for power and industrial applications.

- Special Features :
           - Designed to operate at 145psi (10bar), tested to 220 psi [15.2 bar]; has withstood 580 psi [40 bar] during certification trials without leaks
           - Compact design reduces weight and space requirements.
           - Vertical orientation facilitates removal of hydrogen byproduct of the electrolytic process

Application of METROL SEA-CELL Electrochlorinator
The SEA-CELL electrochlorinator applies “Sodium hypochlorite” via electrolysis as an oxidizing biocide for biofoulant protection.
With reliable design and auto-cleaning generator, our METROL SEA-ELL electrochlorinator has an arrangement which encloses the anode-cathode bipolar plates within a leak-proof, integral housing. Compared to other cell designs, they will use the cathode or anode as the containment device for the process fluid. Since the plates are mounted inside a substantial polypropylene container, the SEA-CELL electrochlorinator can ensure leak-free operation even during anode-cathode failure. The design is guaranteed by ATEX certified and ingress protection (IP) 65 rated. Therefore, there is no need for an additional enclosure, and help installation in harsh marine environments.

Due to self-cleaning function, our METROL SEA-CELL electrochlorinator doesn’t need to clean any acid. Instead, the cell plates are kept free of deposits and hydrogen is removed by optimizing fluid velocities.

During the process, the hypochlorite solution is in the tank under level control. After that, it will be pumped to the dosing point where the solution is released to the seawater system by multistage centrifugal dosing pumps.

Hypochlorite generation process
The hypochlorite generation process is involved with electrolysis of the sodium chloride in raw seawater. The solution flows between anodic and cathodic electrodes energized by the direct current. Then, the chemical reactions happen between the products of electrolysis.

Passing direct current through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride causes the chloride ions to migrate to the anode and sodium ions to migrate to the cathode, leading to the generation of chlorine at the anode and hydrogen plus sodium hydroxide at the cathode.

Hydroxyl ions migrate from the cathode area and react with sodium ions and chlorine dissolved in the seawater near the anode to produce sodium hypochlorite


Project Reference


https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/metrol-sea-cell-electrochlorinator/